ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate effects of Bushen Jianpi Recipe ( BSJP) on restoring of T cell exhaustion induced by persistent tuberculosis antigens in mice.Methods:The C57BL/6 mice were primed with BCG(5×106 CFU)and boosted with 20μg of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Purified Protein Derivative ( PPD ) once a week and lasted for 16 times to induce T cell exhaustion that happened in late stage of tuberculosis .BSJP was used to treat the mice with immune exhaustion for 3 weeks.Flow Cytometry was used to detect the numbers of CD 4+and CD8+T cells and PD-1 expression.ELISA was used to detect IL-2 and IFN-γsecretion.Bacteria load in lung tissue following BCG challeng was used to detect the protective capability of mice models .Results: Compared with the transient antigen stimulation group,the persistent antigen stimulation group had lower level of IFN-γand IL-2 secretions(P<0.01).The numbers of CD4+and CD8+T cells decreased and the level of inhibitory receptor PD-1 got higher(P<0.01).The protective efficacy against BCG challenging decreased ( P<0.01 ) .After treatment with BSJP , the production of cytokines IFN-γand IL-2 increased ( P<0.01 );the numbers of CD4+and CD8+T cells increased and PD-1 expression level on CD4+T cells decreased(P<0.01);the protective efficacy against BCG challenge increased (P<0.01).The results showed that BSJP can reduce the PD-1 expression,improve the IL-2 and IFN-γsecretion,and increase the protection against BCG challenge .Conclusion:Bushen Jianpi Recipe can restore T cell exhaustion induced by persistent tuberculosis antigen stimulation in mice , which gives a hope to overcome T cell exhaustion in tuberculosis with Chinese herbal in clinic.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the morphologic and immunohistochemical features of gastrointestinal B-cell lymphomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and ninety-four cases of gastrointestinal B-cell lymphoma were retrieved from the archival file. The clinical features and pathologic findings were reviewed. Immunohistochemical study for B-cell markers, T-cell markers, bcl-6, CD10, bcl-10, cyclin D1, TdT, MUM1 and Ki-67 was carried out.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1. The age of patients ranged from 8 to 85 years. Amongst the 194 cases studied, 128 (66.0%) were diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, including 16 cases of large cell lymphoma associated with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma component. There were also 40 cases (20.6%) of MALT lymphoma, 8 cases (4.1%) of follicular lymphoma, 5 cases of (2.6%) of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, 3 cases (1.6%) of mantle cell lymphoma, 1 case of (0.5%) of B-lymphoblastic lymphoma and 9 cases (4.6%) of indefinite type (including 5 biopsy cases). The site of involvement included stomach (100 cases, 51.5%), small intestine (43 cases, 22.2%), ileocecal junction (26 cases, 13.4%), appendix (1 case, 0.5%), colon (21 cases, 10.8%) and rectum (3 cases, 1.6%). Amongst the 163 cases which had undergone surgical resection, 20 cases (12.3%) cases had invasion down to the mucosa, 20 cases (12.3%) down to the superficial muscular layer, 19 cases (11.6%) down to the deep muscular layer and 104 cases (63.8%) with full-thickness involvement. Histologic examination showed lymphoepithelial lesions in 52 cases, residual lymphoid follicles in 29 cases, coagulative necrosis in 66 cases and nodular growth pattern in 30 cases. The lymphoma cells in all cases were immunoreactive for B-cell marker CD20. There was also various degrees of positivity for bcl-6, CD10, bcl-10, cyclin D1, TdT, MUM1 and Ki-67.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gastrointestinal B-cell lymphomas can be subdivided into two main groups: large B-cell lymphomas and small B-cell lymphomas. The latter group often poses diagnostic pitfalls. Accurate pathologic typing requires correlation with histologic and immunohistochemical findings.</p>